What document established standard requirements for conducting federal background investigations according to a five-tiered model?

The correct document that established standard requirements for conducting federal background investigations according to a five-tiered model is found in the directive commonly referred to as DOD Instruction 5220.22. This instruction lays out the policies and procedures for personnel security investigations and evaluations, which are critical for determining an individual's eligibility for access to classified information and duties involving national security.

DOD Instruction 5220.22 introduced a systematic approach to background investigations that categorizes them into different tiers, ensuring that each investigation is proportionate to the level of access and responsibility required. This five-tiered model allows for varying depths of investigation based on the sensitivity of the position, promoting efficient resource management while maintaining security standards.

Other options like DODM 5200.02 or the DOD Civil Service Act of 1883 are relevant in broader contexts of security policies or civil service regulations, but they do not specifically focus on the structured framework for background investigations in the manner that DOD Instruction 5220.22 does. Thus, recognizing DOD Instruction 5220.22 as the correct reference is essential for understanding the foundational approach to federal background investigations in the context of security clearance processes.