What type of investigations is typically required for obtaining a Top Secret clearance?

To obtain a Top Secret clearance, an individual typically undergoes a Single Scope Background Investigation (SSBI). This type of investigation is comprehensive and is designed to thoroughly evaluate an individual's background, including their personal history, financial status, criminal record, and any other factors that could affect their reliability or judgment concerning classified information.

The SSBI is mandated by federal regulations for Top Secret clearances to ensure a diligent assessment of an individual’s suitability for access to sensitive national security information. It delves deeper into aspects of the person’s life than other types of investigations, such as checking multiple years of history and contacting a range of references. This thorough approach helps agencies make informed decisions about granting clearances.

In contrast, while a Background Investigation Report may provide some level of security insight, it does not meet the extensive requirements laid out for a Top Secret clearance. A Comprehensive Security Review and an Enhanced Security Assessment may also relate to security protocols but do not specifically pertain to the required investigation process for Top Secret clearances. Thus, the SSBI is the most appropriate choice for ensuring the rigorous vetting needed for accessing classified information at this high level.